Oreotrochilus melanogaster
The Black-breasted Hillstar, *Oreotrochilus melanogaster*, is a strikingly distinctive hummingbird endemic to the high-altitude Andes of central Peru. Measuring approximately 13-14 cm (5.1-5.5 inches) in length and weighing 7.5-8.5 g (0.26-0.3 oz), this species exhibits pronounced sexual dimorphism. Males are unmistakable with their glossy iridescent green upperparts, a deep, velvety black breast and belly, contrasting with bright white flanks and white-tipped tail feathers. Females, though l...
Found exclusively in high-altitude Andean grasslands, rocky slopes, and puna habitats, typically between 3,500 and 4,800 meters (11,500-15,700 feet) above sea level.
Primarily nectar, especially from high-altitude plants like *Puya*, *Chuquiraga*, and *Caiophora* species, supplemented with small insects and spiders for protein.
Black-breasted Hillstars are diurnal, actively foraging during the day and employing a remarkable physiological adaptation: entering a state of torpor at night to conserve energy in the frigid mountain air. They roost in sheltered locations like rock crevices or caves to minimize heat loss. Forag...
The Black-breasted Hillstar is strictly endemic to the central Peruvian Andes, where it is a resident species throughout its range. Its distribution spans high-altitude regions in the departments of JunÃn, Pasco, Lima (primarily in its eastern, higher elevations), Ayacucho, Huancavelica, and Anca...
Least Concern
- The Black-breasted Hillstar is one of the highest-dwelling hummingbird species, regularly found above 4,000 meters (13,000 feet). - To survive freezing Andean nights, it can enter torpor, dramatically lowering its body temperature and metabolic rate by up to 95%. - After a cold night in torpor,...