Penelopides affinis
The Mindanao Hornbill (*Penelopides affinis*), often called the Mindanao Tarictic Hornbill, is a striking, relatively small hornbill species endemic to the Philippines. Males average about 45 cm (18 inches) in length, featuring glossy black plumage contrasted with white streaking on the face and a pale buffy-white tail base, complemented by a yellowish bill adorned with distinct dark ridges. Females are slightly smaller and entirely black, possessing a darker, less ridged bill, exhibiting cle...
This species primarily inhabits lowland and montane tropical rainforests, typically found from sea level up to elevations of 1,500 meters.
Primarily frugivorous, especially favoring figs, but also consumes a variety of insects, small lizards, and other invertebrates, foraging mostly in the forest canopy.
Mindanao Hornbills are diurnal, generally observed in monogamous pairs or small family groups, often roosting communally in large trees within their territory. They are adept arboreal foragers, primarily gleaning fruits directly from trees, but also hawking insects in flight and occasionally prey...
The Mindanao Hornbill is endemic to the southern Philippines, with its primary distribution centered on the large island of Mindanao. Its range also extends to several smaller, adjacent islands, including Basilan, Dinagat, and Siargao. This species is non-migratory and occupies its range year-rou...
Near Threatened
- The Mindanao Hornbill is one of the smallest hornbill species in the world, making it a 'miniature' version of its larger relatives. - During nesting, the female seals herself inside a tree cavity for months, relying entirely on the male to feed her and the chicks through a narrow slit. - Its d...