Didunculus strigirostris
The Tooth-billed Pigeon, known locally as Manumea, is a medium-sized pigeon endemic to the remote islands of Samoa, revered as the nation's national bird. Measuring approximately 31-32 cm (12-13 inches) in length, this species is characterized by its dull olive-green body plumage, contrasting with reddish-brown wings and tail. Its most distinctive field mark, giving it its common name, is a large, bright red, strongly hooked and notched bill, perfectly adapted for its specialized diet. The fa...
Primary tropical lowland and montane rainforests, particularly old-growth and undisturbed areas on volcanic islands. Typically found at elevations from 300m to 1,000m.
Primarily frugivorous, specializing in large, hard-shelled fruits, particularly those of *Dysoxylum* species, which its unique bill is perfectly adapted to split open.
The Manumea is a highly arboreal and secretive bird, spending its days foraging quietly within the dense forest canopy. It is largely diurnal, and roosting occurs discreetly within thick foliage, providing camouflage. Typically observed singly or in pairs, it uses its formidable bill to rip apart...
The Tooth-billed Pigeon is endemic exclusively to the Polynesian archipelago of Samoa, found solely on the two largest islands, Upolu and Savai'i. Its distribution is critically restricted to fragmented patches of primary and old-growth montane rainforests. Historically, it inhabited lowland fore...
Critically Endangered
- The Tooth-billed Pigeon is considered the closest living relative to the extinct Dodo and Rodrigues Solitaire, making it a "living fossil. - Its Samoan name, Manumea, translates to "red bird," referencing the reddish-brown coloration on its wings and the bare red skin around its eyes and legs. ...